Endnotes  
 

the war effort

  
1. Menzies to Casey, 1 December 1939 cited in Allan Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, Carlton: Melbourne University Press, 1993, p. 293. Back  
2. See ibid., p. 295. Back  
3. See Loran Froude ‘Petrol rationing in Australia during the Second World War’, article available on the internet at http://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j36/petrol.htm. Back  
4. Allan Martin, ‘Sir Robert Gordon Menzies’ in Michelle Grattan (ed.), Australian Prime Ministers, Frenchs Forest, NSW: New Holland, 2000, p. 188. Back  
5. Paul Hasluck, The Government and the People 1939 - 1941, Canberra: The Australian War Memorial, 1965(52), p. 363. Back  
6. 'This is what we must do!' broadcast by Prime Minister Menzies on Tuesday 17 June 1941 in John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library. Records of Robert Menzies. Unlimited war effort: a national prospectus. Two addresses by the Prime Minister of Australia, the Right Honorable R. G. Menzies, June 1941. JCPML00917/1/2. Original held by National Library of Australia: MS 4936 Series 40, Box 575, Folder 27. Back  
7. Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1 , p. 378. Back  
8. Cited in Martin, ‘Sir Robert Gordon Menzies’, p. 186. Back  
9. See ibid., p. 187. Back  
10. David Day, John Curtin A Life, Sydney, NSW: HarperCollins, 1999, p. 444. See also David Day, The Great Betrayal: Britain, Australia and the Onset of the Pacific War, 1939-42, North Ryde, NSW: Angus & Robertson, 1988, pp. 248 - 249. Back  
11. See David Black (ed.), In His Own Words. John Curtin’s Speeches and Writings, Bentley, WA: Paradigm Books, 1995, p. 200. Back  
12. Day, John Curtin A Life, p. 446. Back  
13. John Edwards, Curtin’s Gift. Reinterpreting Australia’s Greatest Prime Minister, Crows Nest, NSW: Allan and Unwin, 2005, p. 75. Back  
14. Black, In His Own Words, p. 197. Back  
15. Ibid, pp. 208 - 209. Back  
16. Ibid, pp. 208. Back  
17.

Day, John Curtin A Life, pp. 545 and 549. Back

  
  Australia's place on the world stage  
1. Sydney Morning Herald, 27 April 1939, cited in Alan Watt, The Evolution of Australian Foreign Policy 1938 - 1965, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968, p. 24. Back  
2. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates (House of Representatives), Vol. 157, 5 October 1938, p. 429. Back  
3. Allan Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, Carlton: Melbourne University Press, 1993, p. 353. Back  
4. 'Telegram from the Prime Minister, Canberra to the High Commissioner, London, 13 August 1941' in John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library. Records of Stanley Bruce. [Personal Papers of Prime Minister Bruce] August 1941 [indexed monthly war file (photocopies)], August 1941. JCPML00538/24. Original held by National Archives of Australia: AA1969/275, 24. Back  
5. Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, pp. 391ff. Back  
6. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates (House of Representatives) , Vol. 181, 22 February 1945, p. 58. Back  
7. At a conference in December 1941 - January 1942 the British and Americans confirmed their earlier strategic decision that, despite the outbreak of war with Japan, they would turn 'the weight of power against the European enemy before attempting an all-out campaign against Japan' (Paul Hasluck, The Government and the People 1939 - 1941, Canberra: The Australian War Memorial, 1965(52), pp. 153-154). Back  
8. David Black (ed.), In His Own Words. John Curtin's Speeches and Writings, Bentley, WA: Paradigm Books, 1995, p. 195. Back  
9. David Day, John Curtin A Life, Sydney, NSW: HarperCollins, 1999, p. 438. Back  
10. Sydney Morning Herald, 31 December 1941 cited in ibid., p.439. Back  
11. Gavin Souter, Acts of Parliament, A Narrative History of the Senate and House of Representatives Commonwealth of Australia, Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press, 1988, p. 352. Back  
12. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates (House of Representatives, Vol. 172, 7 October 1942, p. 1438. Back  
13. Official Report of the Proceedings of the 16 th Commonwealth Conference, Australian Labor Party, December 1943, cited in Black, In His own Words, p. 239. Back  
14. Cited in Black, In His Own Words, p. 241. Back  
15. See ibid., p. 242. Back  
16. Souter, Acts of Parliament, p. 170. Back  
17. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates (House of Representatives) , Vol. 181, 28 February 1945, p. 175. Back  
18. Ibid., 23 March 1945, p. 888. Back  
19. The Government’s referendum proposal seeking approval for the granting of fourteen additional areas of power to the Commonwealth Parliament was decisively defeated at the polls in August 1944. See Party politics, elections and the press for more information about the referendum. Back  
20. See Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates (House of Representatives) , Vol. 182, 31 May 1945, pp. 2318ff. Back  
21. Evatt to Curtin 9 April 1945 cited in Peter Crockett, Evatt A Life, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 215 and note 16 p. 350. Back  
22. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates (House of Representatives) , Vol. 182, 31 May 1945, p. 2324. Back  
23. John Edwards, Curtin’s Gift. Reinterpreting Australia’s Greatest Prime Minister, Crows Nest, NSW: Allan and Unwin, 2005, p. 149. Back  
24.

Ibid, pp. 154–155. Back

  
  Party politics, elections and the press  
1.

Allan Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, Carlton: Melbourne University Press, 1993, p. 242. Back

  
2. Ibid., p. 261. Back  
3. See ibid., pp. 267–268. Back  
4. Ibid., p. 288. Back  
5. Sydney Morning Herald, 6 November 1939. Back  
6. Ibid., 25 December 1939. Back  
7. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates (House of Representatives), Vol. 162, 29 November 1939, p. 1703. Back  
8. David Day, John Curtin A Life, Sydney, NSW: HarperCollins, 1999, p. 379. Back  
9. Sunday Telegraph, 24 March 1940 cited in Day, John Curtin A Life, pp. 377–378. Back  
10. Ibid., p. 382. Back  
11. Daily Telegraph, 7 June 1940. Back  
12. Martin, Robert Menzies A Lfe, Vol. 1, p. 302. Back  
13. Paul Hasluck, The Government and the People 1939–1941, Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1952, p. 256. Back  
14. See in particular the excellent discussion in ibid., pp. 259–261. Back  
15. Ibid., pp. 254 and 269–271. Back  
16. Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, p. 310. Back  
17. Allan Martin, ‘Sir Robert Gordon Menzies’ in Michelle Grattan (ed.), Australian Prime Ministers, Frenchs Forest, NSW: New Holland, 2000, p. 189. Back  
18. Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, p. 362. Back  
19. Argus, 29 August 1941 cited in ibid., p. 383. Back  
20. Hasluck, The Government and the People 1939–1941, p. 504. Back  
21. Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, p. 398. Back  
22. Day, John Curtin A Life, p. 411. Back  
23. Age, Melbourne, 4 October 1941. Back  
24. Sydney Morning Herald, 8 December 1941 cited in Day, John Curtin A Life, p. 433. Back  
25. Souter, Acts of Parliament, p. 346. Back  
26. David Day, ‘John Joseph Curtin’ in Michelle Grattan (ed.), Australian Prime Ministers, Frenchs Forest, NSW: New Holland, 2000, p. 235. Back  
27. Ibid., pp. 235–236. Back  
28. Geoffrey Sawer, Australian Federal Politics and Law 1929–1949, Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press, 1963, p. 138. Back  
29. Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, p. 407. Back  
30. Ibid., p. 409. Back  
31. Ibid., p. 414. Back  
32. Norman E. Lee, John Curtin Saviour of Australia, Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1983, p. 133. Back  
33. Ibid., pp. 140 and 141. Back  
34. Ibid., p. 144. Back  
35. Ibid., p. 143. Back  
36. Sydney Morning Herald, 4 April 1944 cited in Day, John Curtin A Life, p. 534. Back  
37. Day, ‘John Joseph Curtin’, p. 237. Back  
38. Day, John Curtin A Life, p. 583. Back  
39. For a detailed analysis of Curtin’s briefings to the press see Clem Lloyd and Richard Hall (eds), Backroom Briefings. John Curtin’s War, Canberra: National Library of Australia, 1997. Back  
40. Ibid. Back  
41. Allan Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 2, Carlton South, Victoria: Melbourne University Press, 1999, p. 15. Back  
42. Day, John Curtin A Life, pp. 530–531. Back  
43. Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 2, p. 7. Back  
44. The account which follows is based on Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 2, pp. 8–14 and Gerard Henderson, Menzies’ Child: The Liberal Party of Australia 1944–1994, St Leonards, NSW: Allen and Unwin, 1994, Ch. 3. Back  
45. Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 2, p. 12. Back  
46. Martin, ‘Sir Robert Gordon Menzies’, p. 192. Back  
47. Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 2, p. 17. Back  
48. Ibid., p. 26. Back  
49. Ibid., p. 32. Back  
50. Martin, ‘Sir Robert Gordon Menzies’, p. 192.This in fact proved to be Menzies' last electoral defeat as leader. Back  
51. Argus, Melbourne, 25 September 1943. Back  
52.

Sydney Morning Herald, 24 September 1943. Back

  
  Visions for Australia  
1.

Paul Hasluck, The Government and the People 1939–1941, Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1952, p. 589. Back

  
2.

Allan Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, Carlton: Melbourne University Press, 1993, p. 413. Back

  
3.

See David Day, John Curtin A Life, Sydney, NSW: HarperCollins, 1999, pp. 250ff. Back

  
4. Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, p. 399. Back  
5. Robert Menzies, The Forgotten People and Other Studies in Democracy, Sydney: Angus and Robertson (Halstead Press), 1943. Back  
6.

See ibid., ‘Foreword’ and Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, p. 400. Back

  
7. Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, p. 400. Back  
8. Ibid. Back  
9.

Judith Brett, Robert Menzies' Forgotten People, Sydney, NSW: Pan Macmillan, 1993, p. 5-14. Back

  
10. Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, p. 401. Back  
11. Ibid., p. 404. Back  
12.

Allan Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 2, Carlton South, Victoria: Melbourne University Press, 1999, p. 7. Back

  
13. Ibid., p. 9. Back  
14. Sydney Morning Herald, 15 December 1944 cited in ibid., p. 11. Back  
15.

Ibid., 18 December 1944. Back

  
16. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates, (House of Representatives), Vol. 181, 21 March 1945, p. 758. Back  
17. Ibid., p. 752. Back  
18.

Martin, Robert Menzies A Life, Vol. 1, p. 429. Back

  
19. See David Black (ed.), In His Own Words. John Curtin’s Speeches and Writings, Bentley, WA: Paradigm Books, 1995, pp. 226ff. Back  
20. Ibid., p.227. Back  
21. Sydney Morning Herald, 19 August 1943. Back  
22.

John Edwards, Curtin’s Gift: Reinterpreting Australia’s Greatest Prime Minister, Crows Nest, NSW: Allen and Unwin, 2005, p. 11. Back

  
23. John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library. Records of the National Film & Sound Archives. John Curtin: Broadcast to Great Britain, 6 March 1941. JCPML00247/1. Back  
24. Edwards, Curtin’s Gift, pp. 105 and 108. Back  
25.

Ibid., p. 123. Back

  
26. Ibid., p. 125. Back  
27. Ibid., pp. 127 and 138. Back  
28.

Ibid., p. 140. Back

  
29. Ibid., p. 142. Back  
30. Tim Rowse, 'Curtin and Labor's full employment promise', (Paper presented at From Curtin to Coombs: War and Peace in Australia Seminar, Curtin University of Technology, 25 March 2003), JCPML00793/1/2 available online at http://john.curtin.edu.au/events/seminar2003_rowse.html. Back  
31.

S.J. Butlin and C.B. Schedvin, War Economy 1942–1945, Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1977, pp. 633–634. Back

  
32. Edwards, Curtin’s Gift, p. 159. Back  
     
 
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