Endnotes - Essay


1.	David Black (ed.), In His Own Words: John Curtin's Speeches and Writings, Bentley: Paradigm Books, 1995, p. 198. Back
2.	Paul Hasluck, The Government and the People 1942-1945, Canberra: The Australian War Memorial, 1970, pp. 158-159. Back
3.	Geoffrey Perret, Old Soldiers Never Die: The Life of Douglas MacArthur, Holbrook MA: Adams Media Corporation for Random House, 1996, p. 285. Back
4.	William Manchester, American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur 1880-1964, Richmond South, Victoria: Hutchinson Group, 1978, p. 286. Back
5.	Perret, Old Soldiers Never Die, p. 285. Back
6.	Hasluck, The Government and the People 1942-1945, p. 159. Back
7.	David Day, John Curtin: A Life, Sydney: Harper Collins, 1999, p. 464. Back
8.	See, for example, Manchester, American Caesar, pp. 355ff. Back
9.	Sydney Morning Herald, 18 March 1944 cited in Day, John Curtin: A Life, p. 531. Back
10.	Manchester, American Caesar, pp. 287-288. Back
11.	Gavin Long, The Six Years War: Australia in the 1939-45 War, Sydney: The Australian War Memorial and the Australian Government Publishing Service, 1973, p. 151. Back
12.	Ibid, p. 152. Back
13.	See Day, John Curtin: A Life, p. 462. Back
14.	Long, The Six Years War, p. 176. Back
15.	Ibid., p. 177. Back
16.	Cited in Perret, Old Soldiers Never Die, p. 284. Back
17.	Courier Mail, 19 March 1942 cited in David Horner, Inside the War Cabinet: Directing Australia's War Effort, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1966, p. 111. Back
18.	Manchester, American Caesar, p. 273. Back
19.	Long, The Six Years War, p. 184. Back
20.	Ibid., p. 177. Back
21.	Ibid., p. 276.Back
22.	Ibid. Back
23.	Ibid., p. 181. Back
24.	Ibid., p. 182. Back
25.	Day, John Curtin: A life, p. 466 citing a letter from Shedden to MacArthur dated 15 April 1942 and held in the Lloyd Ross Papers at the National Library of Australia. Back
26.	David Horner, Defence Supremo. Sir Frederick Shedden and the Making of Australian Defence Policy, St Leonards: Allen and Unwin, 1990, p. 146. Back
27.	Roger Bell, Unequal Allies: Australian-American relations and the Pacific War, Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1977, p. 100 cited in Day, John Curtin: A Life, pp. 465-466. Back
28.	Long, The Six Years War, p. 182. Back
29.	Horner, Inside the War Cabinet, p. 115. Back
30.	Long, The Six years War, p. 185. Back
31.	Day, John Curtin: A Life, p. 475. Back
32.	Ibid. p. 476, citing a national broadcast by Curtin on 17 June 1942 - A461/7, R4/1/12, National Archives of Australia. Back
33.	Steve Connolly, 'The man who saved Australia: Douglas MacArthur', The Gold Coast Bulletin, 29 July 2005. Back
34.	Horner, Inside the War Cabinet, p. 134. Back
35.	Day, John Curtin: A Life, pp, 478 and 484. Back
36.	According to Horner (Inside the War Cabinet, p. 148) there had been 'a long-standing antipathy' between Blamey and Rowell dating back to the Greek campaign in April 1941 and Rowell saw Blamey's arrival in New Guinea as a direct reflection on his 'ability to handle the situation'. In this regard, Horner contends that Rowell failed to appreciate the pressure placed on Blamey by MacArthur and the government. Back
37.	In the words of one Australian Cabinet minister 'Moresby is going to fall. Send Blamey up there and let him fall with it'. (Ibid., p. 146). Back
38.	Day, John Curtin: A Life, p. 488 and Horner, Inside the War Cabinet, pp. 145-146. Back
39.	Perret, Old Soldiers Never Die, p. 307. Back
40.	Long, The Six Years War, p. 224. Back
41.	Day, John Curtin: A Life, pp. 484-485. Back
42.	Manchester, American Caesar, p. 307. Back
43.	Ibid., p. 496. The reference is from teleprinter message Curtin to MacArthur 11 January 1943, JCPML00263/3. Back
44.	Horner, High Command, p. 247 and Long, The Six Years War, p. 288. The Casablanca Conference, held from 14 to 24 January 1843 and attended by Roosevelt and Churchill (though not Stalin), was the first major war conference between the Allied powers. Its general purpose was to take steps towards planning allied strategy and the requirements for the war to end (this came to include a policy of seeking the unconditional surrender of the enemy powers). Back
45.	Day, John Curtin: A Life, p. 489. Back
46.	Long, The Six Years War, p. 295. Back
47.	Day, John Curtin: A Life, p. 492. Back
48.	The territory which constituted the South-Western Pacific Zone was defined as lying south of the Equator and between 110 and 159 east longitude thus excluding New Zealand and much of the Dutch East Indies. All the area covered was included in MacArthur's command area. Back
49.	Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates, 173, 4 February 1943, p. 305.; Telegraph, Brisbane, 4 February 1943. Back
50.	Long, The Six Years War, p. 296. Back
51.	Ibid., pp. 288-290. Back
52.	Ibid., p. 289. Back
53.	Horner, Inside the War Cabinet, p. 152. Back
54.	Day, John Curtin: A Life, p. 505; Horner, High Command, p. 267. Back
55.	Ibid., p. 295. Back
56.	Long, The Six Years War, p. 354. Back
57.	Ibid., p. 351. Back
58.	Letter from Curtin to MacArthur, 22 November 1943 cited in Day, John Curtin: A Life, p. 521. Back
59.	See Horner, Inside the War Cabinet, pp. 150ff. Back
60.	Ibid., p. 160. Back
61.	Long, The Six Years War, p. 351. Back
62.	Sydney Morning Herald, 18 March 1944. Back
63.	Perret, Old Soldiers Never Die, p. 381. Back
64.	Ibid., p. 382. Back
65.	Long, The Six Years War, pp. 402-403. Back
66.	Ibid., p. 383. The Marianas are a group of tropical islands in the Pacific some three quarters of the way between Hawaii and the Philippines. Back
67.	Long, The Six Years War, p. 356. Back
68.	Perret, Old Soldiers Never Die, p. 412. Back
69.	See ibid., p.403ff. Back
70.	Ibid., pp. 421-422. Back
71.	Ibid., p. 464 and David Horner, Defence Supremo: Sir Frederick Shedden and the making of Australian Defence Policy, St Leonards: Allen and Unwin, 2000, p. 223. Back
72.	Ibid., p. 226. Back
73.	Lloyd Ross, John Curtin: A Biography, South Melbourne: Sun Books, MacMillan of Australia, 1977, p. 377. Back
74.	Horner, Defence Supremo, p. 229. Back
75.	See ibid., pp. 229-230. Back
76.	Long, The Six Years War, p. 447. Back
77.	Horner, Defence Supremo, p. 228. Back
78.	Ibid., p. 461. Back